Gene-drug interactions (data source: DGIdb)
Gene Name Entrez ID Drug Name Chembl ID Interaction Types Sources publications
VKORC1 79001 PHENPROCOUMON CHEMBL16694 inhibitor ChemblInteractions, DrugBank, GuideToPharmacologyInteractions, TTD, TEND, TdgClinicalTrial, PharmGKB 11752352, 2706010, 16201835, 17192772, 3207986
VKORC1 79001 WARFARIN SODIUM CHEMBL1200879 inhibitor ChemblInteractions
VKORC1 79001 PHENINDIONE CHEMBL711 inhibitor TdgClinicalTrial, GuideToPharmacologyInteractions, ChemblInteractions, TEND, DrugBank, TTD 11752352, 17139284, 17016423, 9465843
VKORC1 79001 DICUMAROL CHEMBL1466 inhibitor TdgClinicalTrial, GuideToPharmacologyInteractions, ChemblInteractions, TEND, DrugBank, TTD 2424118, 11752352, 17139284, 17016423
VKORC1 79001 WARFARIN CHEMBL1464 inhibitor TdgClinicalTrial, GuideToPharmacologyInteractions, TEND, TTD, FDA
VKORC1 79001 WARFARIN POTASSIUM CHEMBL1200772 inhibitor ChemblInteractions
VKORC1 79001 COUMARIN CHEMBL6466 PharmGKB
VKORC1 79001 TECARFARIN CHEMBL2105664 TdgClinicalTrial
VKORC1 79001 MENADIONE CHEMBL590 cofactor TdgClinicalTrial, TEND, DrugBank 17139284, 17016423, 16102054, 16677080
VKORC1 79001 ACENOCOUMAROL CHEMBL397420 inhibitor TdgClinicalTrial, TEND, DrugBank, TTD 16611310, 19515014, 16869821, 11752352, 17596133, 16815313, 15790782
VKORC1 79001 ALITRETINOIN CHEMBL705 inhibitor GuideToPharmacologyInteractions

Variant-drug associations (data source: PharmGKB)
Gene Name Variant Alleles Chemical Phenotype Category Significance Notes Sentence Publications Annotation ID
VKORC1 rs9923231 AA warfarin dosage yes Genotype AA is associated with increased dose of warfarin in people with Atrial Fibrillation as compared to genotypes AG + GG. 32559398 1451221900
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT phenprocoumon dosage yes in pediatric patients. In contrast to adult patients, age explained 28.3% of VKA dose variations; VKORC1 explained only 3.7%. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of phenprocoumon or warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 20833980 827864542
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage yes Patients with the TT genotype at this SNP needed significantly lower doses of warfarin and also showed significantly greater variability in dose as compared to patients with the CT or CC genotypes. Alleles have been complemented to the plus strand. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 22990331 1183689393
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Comparison between GG, GA and AA was significant as was GG compared to GA and GG to AA. Please note that alleles have been complemented to the positive strand, based on comparison of allele frequencies in the paper and those available on dbSNP. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin. 23061746 981754840
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT phenprocoumon dosage yes in patients with ventricular assist device (VAD). VKORC polymorphism affects PC dosage in the initiation as well as the maintenance phase. Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of phenprocoumon as compared to genotype CC. 26984978 1448255689
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT acenocoumarol dosage yes Please note; alleles G and A reported in the paper are complemented here for the plus chromosomal strand. Genotype CT is associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype CC. 23651023 982031288
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT acenocoumarol dosage yes Please note; alleles G and A reported in the paper are complemented here for the plus chromosomal strand. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype CC. 23651023 982031298
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT acenocoumarol dosage yes A gene dose effect was seen in that increasing numbers of the variant allele resulted in lower maintenance doses. However, due to the low allele frequency in this population, statistical analysis was difficult. VKORC1 seemed to be the major predictor of acenocoumarol dose when compared to CYP2C9. Age and BMI are clinical covariates that also statistically significantly affected maintenance dose. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 23473641 982015093
VKORC1 rs9923231 T acenocoumarol dosage yes The mean daily dose of individuals with the genotypes CC (N=166), CT (N=47), and TT (N=4) were 4.3 (+/-2.3) mg, 1.8 (+/- 0.6) mg, and 1.3 (+/-0.5) mg. In univariate and multivariate analysis the T allele remained significantly associated with variability in acenocoumarol dose. Please note the alleles have been reported on the + chromosomal strand. The authors report the A allele as being associated with decreased dose of acenocoumorol as compared to the G allele. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to allele C. 25519826 1444699595
VKORC1 rs9923231 T acenocoumarol dosage yes This variant was significantly associated with acenocoumarol dose, and explained 22% of the variability in dose. Clinical variables (Age, BMI, Enzyme inducers status and Amiodarone status) explained 22% of the variability in dose. This study developed an algorithm for acenocoumarol dosing using clinical and pharmacogenetic data. Allele T is associated with dose of acenocoumarol. 22911785 1448259324
VKORC1 rs9934438 GG acenocoumarol dosage yes Patients with polymorphisms in the VKORC1 gene needed lower maintenance doses of acenocoumarol in a gene-dose effect: GG>AG>AA. While this association was significant, it was stronger if the patient also had polymorphisms in the CYP2C9 gene. Polymorphisms in VKORC1 had a greater effect on dose than polymorphisms in CYP2C9. Those patients with polymorphisms in both genes had a much higher risk of severe overanticoagulation than patients with one or no polymorphisms. Genotype GG is associated with increased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotypes AA + AG. 16815313 981934126
VKORC1 rs2884737 AA warfarin dosage yes There were no individuals of genotype CC. Genotype AA is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype AC. 24019055 1183704687
VKORC1 rs9923231 CC warfarin dosage yes Additionally, in a regression model VKORC1 was found to account for 26.6% of the variability observed. Genotype CC is associated with increased dose of warfarin in children as compared to genotypes CT + TT. 22010099 982046752
VKORC1 rs9923231 CC warfarin "dosage","efficacy" yes A model was created to predict maintenance doses for children of different ages, all with a baseline INR of 1 and a target INR of 2.5, based on longitudinal data from children taking warfarin. A two-fold difference in dose between children with the CC and TT genotype was found. A table predicting warfarin dose for children of 2, 8 and 14 years old with different rs9923231 genotype and CYP2C9 genotype is presented in the paper. CYP2C9 genotype, VKORC1 genotype, bodyweight, age, baseline INR, target INR and time since initiation of therapy were all found to be significant causes of warfarin dose variability in children. Note: alleles have been complemented to the plus chromosomal strand. Genotype CC is associated with increased dose of warfarin in children with Heart Diseases as compared to genotype TT. 24330000 1184654330
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage yes Patients with the TT genotype required 48% the dose of those with the CC genotype. VKORC1 genotype was found to account for 13% of the variability in stable warfarin dose (mg/day). Please note that alleles have been complemented to the plus chromosomal strand. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in children as compared to genotype CC. 24601977 1185235716
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes The average daily warfarin dose required for maintenance therapy in patients with T allele was 4.26±1.24, whereas it was 4.80±1.55in those without this mutation. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in children as compared to allele C. 27182616 1448104687
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage yes Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in children as compared to genotype CT. 27262824 1448104695
VKORC1 rs9923231 G warfarin dosage not stated Allele G is associated with dose of warfarin in children with Heart Diseases. 27453700 1448255569
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage yes Children with at least one variant VKORC1 allele required significantly decreased doses as compared with wild type patients. Weekly maintenance doses in wild type patients (CC) were significantly higher (32 mg) than heterozygotes (CT) (23 mg) and individuals with two variant alleles (TT) (10.6 mg). In a multivariate analysis VKORC1 genotype accounted for 18.2% of the interindividual variability observed with warfarin dose. Alleles have been complemented to the plus chromosomal strand. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in children as compared to genotype CC. 22130800 982047897
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin "dosage","metabolism/PK" not stated in a dosing algorithm to predict warfarin dosage (included age, BMI, thyroid status, CYP2C9; *2 (rs1799853), *3 (rs1057910), *8 (rs75838422) VKORC1; *3 (rs7294),*4 (rs17708472), -1639G>A (rs9923231, complemented here for the plus strand to give allele T as the variant allele), CYP4F2; V433M (rs2108622), GGCX; G8016A (rs699664). Allele T is associated with dose of warfarin. 22676192 978614455
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage yes Alleles have been complemented to the positive strand. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in people with heart valve replacement as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 28429387 1448615516
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage yes 58/220 patients had the target INR (1.5–2.5). The comparison of weekly warfarin maintenance dose was among patients of different genotypes. The AA genotype of rs9923231 required a significantly lower maintenance dose than the AG genotype (rs9923231: 19.21±5.66 mg/w vs 28.62±8.02 mg/w, p < 0.001; ANOVA). rs9923231 and rs1057910 had significant effects on maintenance dose (rs9923231: coefficient was 1.398, p < 0.001; rs1057910: coefficient was-0.994, p < 0.001) and together explained apx. 32.0% of warfarin maintenance dose variability. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in people with as compared to genotype CT. 25594941 1444694721
VKORC1 rs9934438 GG warfarin dosage yes Seven SNPs in VKORC1 were in strong LD: rs7294, rs2359612, rs8050894, rs9934438, rs2884737, rs9923231, rs7196161. Haplotype ACGCTGT had the highest frequency (0.74) and was associated with the second highest mean daily dose (5.46 mg/day) while the GCGCTGT haplotype (0.09 frequency) was associated with the highest mean daily dose (5.83 mg/day). The authors report that genetic variants in VKORC1 accounted for 32.4% of the variability in warfarin dose. In univariate analysis the authors report that rs9923231 genotype alone contributed 27.5% of the variation in the require dose. Genotype GG is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes AA + AG. 24019055 1183704872
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA warfarin dosage yes Average mean stable warfarin dose was 5.48+/-1.90 mg/day. Current age, age at operation, atrial fibrillation were all significantly associated with warfarin dose. Please note, alleles have been complimented to the + strand. Genotype AA is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes AG + GG. 26257249 1446765916
VKORC1 rs9934438 GG warfarin dosage yes The mean warfarin dose was higher in patients with the GG genotype (5.0+/-0.0 mg/day) as compared to those with the AA genotype (3.0+/-1.5 mg.day). Additionally, this variant was included in an algorithm for determining warfarin dose. This variant was in linkage disequilibrium with rs7294, rs2359612 and rs8050894. Please note that alleles have been complemented to the plus chromosomal strand. Genotype GG is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype AA. 21326313 1448275994
VKORC1 rs9934438 AG + GG warfarin dosage not stated Warfarin dose was 6 mg/day in the one patient with the GG genotype, and 4.6+/-1.9 mg/day in the 17 patients with the AG genotype, as compared to 3.6+/-1.2 in patients with the AA genotype. Additionally, this study undertook the development of a warfarin pharmacogenetic dosing algorithm and then compared it against other dosing algorithms. This variant was included in the algorithm. Please note that alleles have been complemented to the plus chromosomal strand. Genotypes AG + GG are associated with increased dose of warfarin in people with Stroke as compared to genotype AA. 26996562 1448267942
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA warfarin dosage yes The goal of this study was to compare the accuracy of 8 different warfarin dosing algorithms, including the IWPC, and 6 Han Chinese PGx warfarin dosing algorithms, in Han Chinese patients taking warfarin scheduled to undergo mechanic heart valve replacement surgery. The authors concluded that the mean absolute error (MAE) of all algorithms was less than 0.6mg/day in initial and stable doses, and the percentage of patients whose actual doses were within 20% of their predicted dose was 45% in all algorithms. Predictive power of algorithms was highest for patients in the ideal-dose range and lowest for patients in the low and high dose range. The most accurate predictions came from three Han-Chinese PGx warfarin dosing algorithms (Du et al. 2010, Huang et al. 2009, Miao et al. 2007). Genotype AA is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in people with heart valve replacement as compared to genotypes AG + GG. 24728385 1184169091
VKORC1 rs9934438 AG + GG warfarin dosage yes The mean stable doses of patients with the GG genotype (6.63+/-1.61 mg/day) and AG genotype (4.41+/-1.45 mg/day) were significantly higher than patients with the AA genotype (2.92+/-1.01 mg/day). The study also generated a warfarin dosing algorithm using clinical, demographic and pharmacogenetic data from Chinese patients. This variant was included in the algorithm. Please note that alleles have been complemented to the plus chromosomal strand. Genotypes AG + GG are associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype AA. 20585834 1448267909
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA warfarin dosage yes Patients with the AA genotype had significantly lower warfarin doses as compared to patients with the AG or GG genotypes. Additionally, this study developed a pharmacogenetic algorithm for warfarin dosing in Korean patients and then compared it against other pharmacogenetic algorithms; this variant was present in the algorithm. Please note that alleles have been complemented to the plus chromosomal strand. Genotype AA is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in people with Atrial Fibrillation as compared to genotypes AG + GG. 21981797 1448267977
VKORC1 rs9934438 AG + GG warfarin dosage yes with an international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.0-3.0. This SNP was in LD with rs7294 which was also significantly associated with warfarin-maintenance dose (but rs9934438 was chosen for further analysis). Genotypes AG + GG are associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype AA. 22248286 827845768
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 27488176 1448257194
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage yes Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CT. 17049586 769277920
VKORC1 rs9934438 A warfarin dosage yes Allele A is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 19074728 1447573633
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage not stated Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 23602689 1447519319
VKORC1 rs2884737 C warfarin dosage yes Allele C is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele A. 16611750 982044357
VKORC1 rs2359612 A warfarin dosage yes Allele A is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 15883587 827567321
VKORC1 rs11150606 C warfarin dosage yes Allele C is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele T. 15883587 827567338
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage yes Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 29234073 1449157673
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA + AG warfarin dosage yes Genotypes AA + AG are associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype GG. 17111199 827654491
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT acenocoumarol dosage yes Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype CC. 24956252 1444705842
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA + AG warfarin dosage yes Genotypes AA + AG are associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype GG. 31653973 1451130683
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 26445138 1447520009
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT fluindione metabolism/PK yes Genotype TT is associated with dose of fluindione in children as compared to genotype CC. 22130800 982047927
VKORC1 rs7294 C warfarin dosage yes Allele C is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele T. 15883587 827567329
VKORC1 rs2359612 A warfarin dosage yes This SNP explained 30% (P = 9.82 x 10(-100)) of the variation in warfarin dose. The direction of the allele:dose relationship is not stated. Allele A is associated with dose of warfarin. 18574025 1183701268
VKORC1 rs9923231 CC acenocoumarol dosage yes Carriers of the T allele at this position required a significantly decreased dose of acenocoumarol in a gene dose effect (CC > CT > TT). Genotype CC is associated with increased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotypes CT + TT. 19018719 981940056
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT acenocoumarol dosage yes A gene-dose effect was observed; Patients with the CT genotype had higher odds of receiving a lower dose (OR: 6.5), while patients with the TT genotype had even higher odds of receiving a lower dose (OR: 11.6). Age was an independent covariate that was significantly negatively associated with dose. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 23159639 982006724
VKORC1 rs9923231 T acenocoumarol efficacy yes Subjects with the T allele were found to have lower factor VII levels and higher INR changes when compared to subjects with the C allele. This SNP is reported to be in complete linkage disequilibrium with rs9934438. Allele T is associated with increased response to acenocoumarol in healthy individuals as compared to allele C. 15790782 981865125
VKORC1 rs7294 CC phenprocoumon dosage no A significant difference was seen between patients with the CC and TT genotype, though this is likely due to its high linkage with rs9923231. This SNP failed entry into the regression model. Genotype CC is not associated with decreased dose of phenprocoumon as compared to genotypes CT + TT. 20376629 1043818250
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin "dosage","efficacy" yes The plasma S-warfarin concentration required to yield the target INR response for each genotype: CC, 0.68 mg/L; TC, 0.48 mg/L; TT, 0.27 mg/L. Allele T is associated with increased response to warfarin as compared to allele C. 19679631 1183701300
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes This SNP explained 29% (P = 1.03 x 10(-97)) of the variation in warfarin dose. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin. 18574025 1183701155
VKORC1 rs7294 T warfarin "dosage","metabolism/PK" yes Allele T is associated with increased dose of warfarin. 16676068 655388073
VKORC1 rs55894764 CT + TT acenocoumarol dosage yes 16 vs 14 mg/week. Genotypes CT + TT is associated with increased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype CC. 23691226 1185002313
VKORC1 rs8050894 G warfarin dosage yes It is in strong linkage disequilibrium (r2>0.9) with rs9923231. Allele G is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 16270629 769160740
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 19794411 608431774
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 20203262 637879838
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 18535201 637880256
VKORC1 rs9934438 A warfarin dosage yes Allele A is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 20203262 637879816
VKORC1 rs9934438 A warfarin "dosage","metabolism/PK" yes Allele A is associated with decreased dose of warfarin. 16676068 655388076
VKORC1 rs9923231 CC + CT warfarin dosage yes Genotypes CC + CT is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype TT. 23104259 1184483809
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes This variant is analyzed along with CYP2C9 variants *2, *3, *5. Genotypes CT + TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 22274142 1184510103
VKORC1 rs9923231 CC acenocoumarol dosage yes Variants at this position in the VKORC1 gene were found to exhibit a gene-dose effect in the following manner: CC>CT>TT. This study also provides an algorithm for predicting the maintenance dose of acenocoumarol using genotypes as well as clinical factors as predictive variables. Genotype CC is associated with increased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotypes CT + TT. 22629463 981954427
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes in Han-Chinese patients with mechanical heart valve replacement. Genotypes CT + TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 23949431 1184482753
VKORC1 rs61162043 G warfarin dosage yes Allele G is associated with increased dose of warfarin. 21270790 769245704
VKORC1 rs7294 T warfarin dosage not stated This SNP corresponds to VKORC1*3. Allele T is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 16270629 982034243
VKORC1 rs7196161 AA + AG warfarin dosage yes Patients had a stable therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) between 2 and 3. Genotypes AA + AG are associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype GG. 21383771 769182562
VKORC1 rs9934438 A warfarin dosage yes Allele A is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 15358623 769277894
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT acenocoumarol dosage yes Genotypes CT + TT is associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype CC. 25042728 1184511557
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes This variant was associated with a 28% reduction per allele (95% confidence interval 25-30%) in the therapeutic warfarin dose. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 18305455 827601694
VKORC1 rs9934438 A warfarin dosage yes Allele A is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 15883587 827567313
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT acenocoumarol dosage yes in South Indian Patients With Mechanical Heart Valves. Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol in people with Rheumatic Heart Disease as compared to genotype CC. 27335128 1448255537
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA + AG warfarin dosage yes in Caucasians. Genotypes AA + AG are associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype GG. 17329985 827642014
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 16580898 827664180
VKORC1 rs9934438 A warfarin dosage yes Allele A is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 16611750 827647045
VKORC1 rs9934438 A warfarin dosage yes Allele A is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 16432637 827661232
VKORC1 rs9923231 CC warfarin dosage yes [stat_test: kruskal-wallis] Genotype CC is associated with increased dose of warfarin in people with a stable international normalized ratio of between two and three as compared to genotype TT. 21174619 827783799
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT acenocoumarol dosage yes A gene-dose effect was observed; Patients with the CT genotype had higher odds of receiving a lower dose (OR: 6.5), while patients with the TT genotype had even higher odds of receiving a lower dose (OR: 11.6). Age was an independent covariate that was significantly negatively associated with dose. Genotype CT is associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype CC. 23159639 982006735
VKORC1 rs17708472 A warfarin dosage no Allele A is not associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 16611750 982044373
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of warfarin in people with heart valve replacement as compared to genotype CC. 28079798 1448567630
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT warfarin dosage yes No CC homozygotes were observed (described as GG in paper complemented to minus chromosomal strand here). Daily maintenance dose range for TT was 2.74 to 3.16mg/day, dose range for CT was 3.61 to 4.51mg/day. Genotype CT is associated with increased dose of warfarin in people with Thromboembolism as compared to genotype TT. 22528326 827925119
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage no In combination with CYP2C9*3*3. Doses for the 2 cases were 0.625 mg/d for case 1, and 1.25 mg/d for case 2. Target INRs 2-3. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in people with Atrial Fibrillation. 22040439 827783301
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 21228733 827864552
VKORC1 rs104894539 A warfarin dosage not stated This rare (<0.1%) missense mutation in VKORC1 gene confers warfarin resistance phenotype. Individuals carrying this mutation require higher dose of warfarin (14mg/d). VKORC1: V29L; Val29Leu Allele A is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 18234403 981239523
VKORC1 rs104894541 C warfarin dosage not stated This rare (<0.1%) missense mutation in VKORC1 gene confers warfarin resistance phenotype. Individuals carrying this mutation require higher dose of warfarin (32-36mg/d). VKORC1:R58G; Arg58Gly Allele C is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele T. 18234403 981239505
VKORC1 rs9923231 CC warfarin dosage yes The mean dose for CC was higher than CT , which was higher than TT. 4.9 vs. 3.7 vs. 3.1 mg. [stat_test:linear regression] Genotype CC is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes CT + TT. 21110192 827823796
VKORC1 rs104894541 C warfarin dosage not stated This rare (<0.1%) missense mutation in VKORC1 gene confers warfarin resistance phenotype. Individuals carrying this mutation require higher dose of warfarin (32-36mg/d). VKORC1:R58G; Arg58Gly Allele C is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele T. 14765194 981239471
VKORC1 rs104894540 G warfarin dosage not stated Allele G (Val45Ala) is associated with severe warfarin resistance, may require a higher dose (INR never reached). Allele G is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele A. 18234403 981239514
VKORC1 rs104894540 G warfarin dosage not stated Allele G (Val45Ala) is associated with severe warfarin resistance, may require a higher dose (INR never reached) Allele G is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele A. 14765194 981239480
VKORC1 rs104894542 C warfarin dosage not stated Leu128Arg variant confers severe warfarin resistance. Daily dose >45mg Allele C is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele A. 18234403 981239497
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin "dosage","metabolism/PK" not stated in Indian patients. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 21747589 827826043
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin metabolism/PK no Here, exposure refers to volume of distribution. Allele T is not associated with exposure to warfarin as compared to allele C. 28382498 1449165062
VKORC1 rs61742245 AC warfarin dosage yes In carriers of allele A, the weekly warfarin dose was increased by a median of 43.7 mg (IQR, 40.5-47.2 mg) compared to non-carriers. Median weekly dose overall = 35 mg (interquartile range [IQR], 24.5 to 52.5 mg). Also, refinement of the IWPC prediction model to include this variant resulted in significantly better model performance. Genotype AC is associated with increased dose of warfarin in people with warfarin maintenance treatment as compared to genotype CC. 22871975 981239887
VKORC1 rs104894542 C warfarin dosage not stated Leu128Arg variant confers severe warfarin resistance. Daily dose >45mg Allele C is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele A. 14765194 981239489
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin "dosage","other" yes Please note: alleles have been complemented to the + chromosomal strand. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 28049362 1449192273
VKORC1 rs104894539 A warfarin dosage not stated This rare (<0.1%) missense mutation in VKORC1 gene confers warfarin resistance phenotype. Individuals carrying this mutation require higher dose of warfarin (14mg/d). VKORC1: V29L; Val29Leu Allele A is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 14765194 981239462
VKORC1 rs9923231 A warfarin dosage not stated Allele A is associated with dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 28973620 1449269193
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT acenocoumarol dosage no Patients with the TT genotype did not require significantly different weekly maintenance doses of acenocoumarol compared to CT heterozygotes. Maintenance doses were measured over at least a 3 month period during which stable anticoagulation had been achieved. Patients were treated with acenocoumarol for various unspecified indications. Genotype TT is not associated with dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype CT. 22486182 982010028
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes in Lebanese participants on long-term warfarin therapy. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 21148049 827814719
VKORC1 rs9923231 T acenocoumarol dosage yes in Lebanese participants on long-term acenocoumarol therapy. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to allele C. 21148049 827814729
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage yes in patients early after heart valve replacement surgery. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 31444512 1450935595
VKORC1 rs7294 T warfarin "dosage","efficacy" no This is VKORC1*3. There was a significant association when analyzed alone, but the effect was so small that it was negligible when analyzed with VKORC1*2,CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3. Allele T is associated with increased dose of warfarin in people with Myocardial Infarction as compared to allele C. 21127708 981500585
VKORC1 rs7294 CT + TT warfarin "dosage","efficacy" yes Genotypes CT + TT are associated with increased dose of warfarin in people with mechanical heart valve replacement as compared to genotype CC. 20653676 981483987
VKORC1 rs9923231 CC + CT acenocoumarol efficacy yes This = VKORC1*2. The 5 low responders were all CC. Required doses were (CC + CT): 5.9+/-1.9 mg and TT: 4.1+/-3.3 mg. Genotypes CC + CT are associated with increased dose of acenocoumarol or warfarin as compared to genotype TT. 19875892 981502435
VKORC1 rs9934438 A acenocoumarol dosage not stated Allele A is associated with dose of acenocoumarol in people with a stable maintence dose. 22920394 981238818
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin "dosage","efficacy" yes 2.6 mg/day vs 4.0 mg/day. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in people with mechanical heart valve replacement as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 20653676 981483977
VKORC1 rs7294 C warfarin dosage yes This variant is evaluated along with CYP2C9 rs1057910 (*3) and ORM1 rs17650. Allele C is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele T. 23208322 1184483453
VKORC1 rs9934438 AG + GG warfarin dosage yes Analysis was performed on stable warfarin dose. Genotypes AG + GG are associated with increased dose of warfarin in people with heart valve replacement as compared to genotype AA. 26223945 1448431482
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 20339978 1447586762
VKORC1 rs9934438 GG acenocoumarol efficacy yes VKORC1 wild-type patients were found to be at an increased risk of subtherapeutic anticoagulation when compared to patients carrying at least one copy of the variant allele. This effect was present during the first 3 months of therapy. This risk is increased if the patient is also wild-type for the CYP2C9 gene, though VKORC1 had a greater effect on the risk of underanticoagulation. Similarly, patients carrying variants of the VKORC1 gene had a higher risk of overanticoagulation. Genotype GG is associated with decreased response to acenocoumarol as compared to genotypes AA + AG. 22252093 981954070
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT acenocoumarol dosage yes Patients with the TT genotype required significantly lower weekly maintenance doses of acenocoumarol compared to CC homozygotes. Maintenance doses were measured over at least a 3 month period during which stable anticoagulation had been achieved. Patients were treated with acenocoumarol for various unspecified indications. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype CC. 22486182 981859299
VKORC1 rs9934438 GG warfarin dosage yes The authors stated "The full multiple linear regression model revealed that VKORC1 genotypes accounted for 47% of dosing variability. CYPC29 accounted for 5%. Overall, the combination of VKORC1, CYP2C9, age, and target INR accounted for 82% of dosing variability." in children. Genotype GG is associated with increased dose of warfarin in children as compared to genotypes AA + AG. 23183958 981858915
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 20833655 982033139
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA + AG acenocoumarol dosage yes A gene-dose effect was observed in that for each occurrence of an A allele, the patients required a lower dose of acenocoumarol or phenprocoumon: GG>AG>AA. Genotypes AA + AG are associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol or phenprocoumon as compared to genotype GG. 20020283 1043818101
VKORC1 rs9934438 A warfarin dosage not stated This SNP corresponds to VKORC1*2. Allele A is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 16270629 982034232
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 20072124 982037894
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes in Turkish patients taking warfarin for >2 months. Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 18542936 982036670
VKORC1 rs2359612 G warfarin dosage yes Allele G is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele A. 16611750 982044349
VKORC1 rs9923231 A warfarin dosage not stated This variant was included in an algorithm generated within this study, the WRAPID Dosing Algorithm. Allele A is associated with dose of warfarin. 21725053 1448276453
VKORC1 rs9934438 GG acenocoumarol "dosage","toxicity" yes Patients homozygous for the G allele required significantly higher doses to reach stable anticoagulation as compared to patients carrying the A allele. There was a gene dose effect: GG>AG>AA. It was also seen that patients carrying the A allele were at significantly higher risk of developing bleeding as compared to patients homozygous for the G allele (OR below is for major hemorrhage for carriers of at least one A allele). Patients taking phenprocoumon seemed to be more likely to achieve stability in their dose, but were also more likely to develop bleeding than patients receiving acenocoumarol. Genotype GG is associated with increased dose of acenocoumarol or phenprocoumon as compared to genotypes AA + AG. 16201835 1043737589
VKORC1 rs2884737 C warfarin dosage yes Allele C is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele A. 20072124 982037919
VKORC1 rs8050894 G warfarin dosage yes Allele G is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 16611750 982044365
VKORC1 rs17880887 T warfarin dosage no Allele T is not associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 20072124 982037888
VKORC1 rs9923231 CC phenprocoumon dosage yes Daily dose of phenprocoumon is significantly associated with rs9923231 genotype in a gene dose effect: GG>AG>AA. Daily dose is also negatively correlated with age. This study published an algorithm for daily dose that includes height, although height was not significant in univariate analysis. This SNP is also significantly associated with phenprocoumon concentration in the same gene-dose effect (GG>AG>AA). Genotype CC is associated with increased dose of phenprocoumon as compared to genotypes CT + TT. 21110013 982046650
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT phenprocoumon dosage yes A gene dose effect was observed in that with each A allele, patients required lower doses of phenprocoumon: GG>AG>AA. Age was also significantly negatively correlated with dose. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of phenprocoumon as compared to genotypes CT + TT. 20376629 1043818234
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA + AG warfarin dosage yes in Korean patients with mechanical cardiac valves. Genotypes AA + AG is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype GG. 22549502 1184510021
VKORC1 rs9934438 A warfarin dosage not stated Weekly maintenance doses were GG: 42.1 mg; AG: 34.4: AA: 20.7 mg. Allele A is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 17989110 1183701330
VKORC1 rs9923231 C warfarin "dosage","efficacy" yes CC individuals required a daily maintenance dose of S-warfarin of 5.2 mg/day; TC individuals required 4.1 mg/day, and TT individuals required 2.4 mg/day. Allele C is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele T. 19679631 1183701305
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes The study purpose was to develop a model for stable maintenance warfarin dose prediction. Most patients had a history of venous thromboembolism. TT patients required a lower dose than TC patients, who required a lower dose than CC patients. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in people with venous thromboembolism as compared to allele C. 20421126 1183701524
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA warfarin dosage yes Mean stable dose for AA patients was 2.58 +/- 0.84 mg/day. For AG patients, the mean stable dose was 4.18 +/- 1.34 mg/day, and for GG patients, mean stable dose was 4.53 +/- 0.94 mg/day. Genotype AA is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes AG + GG. 19177029 1183699109
VKORC1 rs7294 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes This SNP was presented as VKORC1 3730G>A. Patients carrying the T allele showed significantly higher doses of warfarin as compared to patients with the wildtype genotype, CC. Genotypes CT + TT is associated with increased dose of warfarin in people with Cardiovascular Diseases as compared to genotype CC. 23990957 1183697701
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA + AG warfarin dosage yes This SNP was presented as VKORC1 1173C>T. Patients carrying the A allele showed significantly lower doses of warfarin as compared to patients with the wildtype genotype, GG. Genotypes AA + AG is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in people with Cardiovascular Diseases as compared to genotype GG. 23990957 1183697705
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Each T allele resulted in a 20% (17-23%) decrease in therapeutic dose on Day 4 or 5 of therapy. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 20375999 1183700756
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage yes A gene-dose effect was seen in that dose of warfarin decreased with the presence of the T allele: CC>CT>TT. When studied together with CYP2C9, patients carrying variants in both genes needed between 34.8% and 84% of the dose needed for patients wildtype for both genes. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in people with Cardiovascular Diseases as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 23990957 1183697690
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA warfarin dosage yes in older patients (age >75 years). Genotype AA is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes AG + GG. 22075505 1184510186
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA warfarin dosage yes in Korean patients with prosthetic cardiac valves. Genotype AA is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes AG + GG. 25026456 1184511615
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA warfarin dosage yes Genotype AA is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in children with Heart Diseases as compared to genotypes AG + GG. 21273734 982047450
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage yes Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in children as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 24474498 1184472851
VKORC1 rs9923231 CC warfarin dosage yes Seven SNPs in VKORC1 were in strong LD: rs7294, rs2359612, rs8050894, rs9934438, rs2884737, rs9923231, rs7196161. Haplotype ACGCTGT had the highest frequency (0.74) and was associated with the second highest mean daily dose (5.46 mg/day) while the GCGCTGT haplotype (0.09 frequency) was associated with the highest mean daily dose (5.83 mg/day). The authors report that genetic variants in VKORC1 accounted for 32.4% of the variability in warfarin dose. Genotype CC is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes CT + TT. 24019055 1183704858
VKORC1 rs8050894 CC warfarin dosage yes Seven SNPs in VKORC1 were in strong LD: rs7294, rs2359612, rs8050894, rs9934438, rs2884737, rs9923231, rs7196161. Haplotype ACGCTGT had the highest frequency (0.74) and was associated with the second highest mean daily dose (5.46 mg/day) while the GCGCTGT haplotype (0.09 frequency) was associated with the highest mean daily dose (5.83 mg/day). The authors report that genetic variants in VKORC1 accounted for 32.4% of the variability in warfarin dose. Genotype CC is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes CG + GG. 24019055 1183704889
VKORC1 rs7294 T warfarin dosage yes Neither the addition of race, number of concurrent medications nor the number of concurrent medications interacting with warfarin enhanced algorithm performance. Similarly, consideration of CYP4F2, CALU or GGCX variant genotypes did not improve algorithms. Allele T is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 20128861 1184472447
VKORC1 rs2359612 A warfarin dosage yes Neither the addition of race, number of concurrent medications nor the number of concurrent medications interacting with warfarin enhanced algorithm performance. Similarly, consideration of CYP4F2, CALU or GGCX variant genotypes did not improve algorithms. Allele A is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 20128861 1184472436
VKORC1 rs9934438 A warfarin dosage yes Neither the addition of race, number of concurrent medications nor the number of concurrent medications interacting with warfarin enhanced algorithm performance. Similarly, consideration of CYP4F2, CALU or GGCX variant genotypes did not improve algorithms. Allele A is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 20128861 1184472429
VKORC1 rs17708472 A warfarin dosage no Neither the addition of race, number of concurrent medications nor the number of concurrent medications interacting with warfarin enhanced algorithm performance. Similarly, consideration of CYP4F2, CALU or GGCX variant genotypes did not improve algorithms. Allele A is not associated with dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 20128861 1184472420
VKORC1 rs61742245 A warfarin dosage no Neither the addition of race, number of concurrent medications nor the number of concurrent medications interacting with warfarin enhanced algorithm performance. Similarly, consideration of CYP4F2, CALU or GGCX variant genotypes did not improve algorithms. Allele A is not associated with dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 20128861 1184472416
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Neither the addition of race, number of concurrent medications nor the number of concurrent medications interacting with warfarin enhanced algorithm performance. Similarly, consideration of CYP4F2, CALU or GGCX variant genotypes did not improve algorithms. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 20128861 1184472424
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes Genotypes CT + TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 25042728 1184511552
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes with an approximate decrease of daily dose of 0.66mg. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in children as compared to allele C. 25001883 1184473580
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes Please note that alleles have been complemented to the plus chromosomal strand. Genotypes CT + TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 22854539 1184509863
VKORC1 rs61742245 A warfarin dosage not stated Individuals carrying the VKORC1 p.Asp36Tyr variant required elevated doses of warfarin (mean 10.0±1.5 mg/d; range 7.1-12.1 mg/d), despite having the low dose VKORC1 c.-1639G>A allele. Allele A is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 22266406 1184510128
VKORC1 rs2359612 A warfarin dosage yes Allele A is associated with decreased warfarin dose requirements on day 14 when treated with warfarin as compared to allele G. Allele A is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 18030307 1448106998
VKORC1 rs7294 T warfarin dosage yes in the South African black population. This allele was analyzed along with VKORC1 rs7200749. Allele T is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 21635147 1185002294
VKORC1 rs7200749 AA + AG acenocoumarol dosage yes 16 vs 14 mg/week. Genotypes AA + AG is associated with increased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype GG. 23691226 1185002324
VKORC1 rs17878544 TT acenocoumarol dosage yes 14 vs 15 mg/week. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 23691226 1185002333
VKORC1 rs7200749 A warfarin dosage yes in the South African black population. This allele was analyzed along with VKORC1 rs7294. Allele A is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 21635147 1185002301
VKORC1 rs61742245 AA + AC acenocoumarol dosage yes 22 mg/week carriers vs 14 mg/week non-carriers. Genotypes AA + AC is associated with increased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype CC. 23691226 1185002340
VKORC1 rs104894542 AC + CC acenocoumarol dosage not stated This variant is found in 1 patient of the group (all with higher doses than expected). Genotypes AC + CC is associated with increased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype AA. 23691226 1185002375
VKORC1 rs61742245 A warfarin dosage yes Asp36Tyr was significantly associated with doses of more than 70 mg/wk (odds ratio, 13.0; 95% confidence limit, 1.3 to 124.2). Allele A is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 17110455 1448105757
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT acenocoumarol dosage yes Genotype TT are associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype CC. 19277427 1444706967
VKORC1 rs9923231 T acenocoumarol dosage yes The CYP2C9*2, *3 and VKORC1 rs9923231 are analyzed together. Patients carrying any of the variant alleles was 34% among those receiving a low dose of =20 mg/wk while it was 13.8 per cent in those receiving >20 mg/wk (P=0.014). Allele T is associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to allele C. 23481074 1444705565
VKORC1 rs2359612 AA + AG phenprocoumon efficacy yes The time to achieve the target INR was strongly dependent on this variant. Carriers of the AA genotype reached an INR of 2-3 after a mean time of 3.2 days (n = 5), AG carriers after 4.4 days (n = 27), and GG carriers after 6.5 days (n = 15). Genotypes AA + AG is associated with increased response to phenprocoumon as compared to genotype GG. 19738376 1444707792
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT acenocoumarol dosage yes Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype CC. 16611310 1444707179
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT phenprocoumon dosage not stated Mean phenprocoumon dosage per week to achieve therapeutic anticoagulation was lower in patients with the VKORC1 polymorphism -1639G > A (3730G > A) or the CYP2C9 polymorphisms. Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of phenprocoumon as compared to genotype CC. 18629445 1444707853
VKORC1 rs2359612 AA + AG warfarin dosage yes in European Americans and African Americans. Genotypes AA + AG are associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype GG. 18466099 1447519671
VKORC1 rs8050894 CG + GG warfarin dosage yes in European Americans. Genotypes CG + GG are associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 18466099 1447519677
VKORC1 rs2359612 A acenocoumarol dosage no There were significant differences in mean daily dose of acenocoumarol between individuals of the genotypes GG (N=181), AG (N=34), and AA (N=2). The mean daily dose of the GG genotype was 4.1 (+/-2.2) mg, the AG genotype was 1.8 (+/-0.7) mg, and the AA genotype was 1.5 (+/-0.7) mg. The A allele was significant in univariate analysis (B=-0.316; SE=0.042; adj R sq.=0.209; P<0.00) but did not remain significant in the multiple linear regression analysis. Allele A is not associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to allele G. 25519826 1444699652
VKORC1 rs2884737 C acenocoumarol dosage no There were significant differences in mean daily dose of acenocoumarol between individuals of different genotypes AA (N=178), AC (N=36), and CC (N=3). The mean daily dose of the AA genotype was 4.1 (+/-2.3) mg, the AC genotype was 1.9 (+/-0.9) mg, and the CC genotype was 1.3 (+/-0.6) mg. The C allele was significant in univariate analysis (B=-0.288; SE=0.040; adj R sq.=0.197; P<0.00) but did not remain significant in the multiple linear regression analysis. Allele C is not associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to allele A. 25519826 1444699642
VKORC1 rs7196161 A acenocoumarol dosage no There were significant differences in mean daily dose of acenocoumarol between individuals of different genotypes GG (N=4), AG (N=46), and AA (N=167). The mean daily dose of the GG genotype was 1.3 (+/-0.5) mg, the AG genotype was 2.1 (+/-1.0) mg, and the AA genotype was 4.2 (+/-2.3) mg. The A allele was significant in univariate analysis (B=-0.285; SE=0.035; adj R sq.=0.230; P<0.00) but did not remain significant in the multiple linear regression analysis. Allele A is not associated with increased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to allele G. 25519826 1444699635
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA + AG warfarin dosage yes in European Americans and African americans. Genotypes AA + AG are associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype GG. 18466099 1447519665
VKORC1 rs7294 T acenocoumarol dosage yes The mean daily dose of individuals with the genotypes CC (N=7), CT (N=88), and TT (N=122) were 1.5 (+/-1.0) mg, 2.4 (+/- 1.5) mg, and 4.7 (+/-2.2) mg. In univariate and multivariate analysis the T allele remained significantly associated with variability in acenocoumarol dose. Please note the alleles have been reported on the + chromosomal strand. The authors report the A allele as being associated with increased dose of acenocoumorol as compared to the G allele. Allele T is associated with increased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to allele C. 25519826 1444699618
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage not stated The VKORC1--1639 (3673) G>A polymorphism associated with warfarin sensitivity was present in 48 out of 51 (94.1%) patients on low dose warfarin. Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 20615525 1445401042
VKORC1 rs72547529 T warfarin dosage not stated The VKORC1 V66M variant is identified in warfarin resistant patient. Allele T is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 15630486 1445401057
VKORC1 rs72547529 T warfarin dosage not stated 3 warfarin resistant g.1331G>A (p.V66M) carriers were identified (1 in ~100 individuals) suggesting this variant is associated with warfarin resistance. Allele T is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 19663669 1445401065
VKORC1 rs72547529 T warfarin dosage not stated Of the 11 patients on high doses of warfarin, sequencing of VKORC1 revealed a nonsynonymous VKORC1 V66M mutation in two warfarin resistant patients, both of African-descent. Allele T is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 20615525 1445401050
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes in both European Americans and African Americans. However, the dose reduction per variant allele was higher among European Americans (28.3% vs 18.6%, interaction P value=0.002) compared with African Americans. Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 26024874 1445296652
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT phenprocoumon dosage yes Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of phenprocoumon as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 23423913 1444707652
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT phenprocoumon dosage yes VKORC1:c.-1639 G>A was associated with lower loading doses and maintenance doses of phenprocoumon. Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of phenprocoumon as compared to genotype CC. 23299853 1444707757
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA + AG acenocoumarol "dosage","efficacy" yes The A allele carriers were significantly more sensitive to therapy for 3 days [INR 2.07 (1.59-2.87) vs. 1.74 (1.30-2.09); P = 0.015] and they needed lower acenocoumarol doses to stabilize their INR (15.8 +/- 5.6 vs. 19.5 +/- 6.0 mg week(-1); P = 0.004). Its effect was exacerbated by combination with the CALU a29809g (rs1043550) polymorphism. Genotypes AA + AG is associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype GG. 17596133 1444707128
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA + AG acenocoumarol dosage yes The acenocoumarol dosage in mg/week had to be significantly titrated downward in association with an increasing number of VKORC1 A-alleles (-5.1, 95% CI -5.5 to -4.7, Pvalue for trend <0.0001). Genotypes AA + AG are associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype GG. 19225451 1444706973
VKORC1 rs7294 CT + TT phenprocoumon dosage yes Genotypes CT + TT are associated with increased dose of phenprocoumon as compared to genotype CC. 24224579 1444707646
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT phenprocoumon dosage yes Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of phenprocoumon as compared to genotype CC. 24224579 1444707634
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA + AG phenprocoumon dosage yes Genotypes AA + AG are associated with decreased dose of phenprocoumon as compared to genotype GG. 24224579 1444707640
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes This is using Classification I. It divided the individuals into three dose ranges: <=21 mg, 21–49 mg, and >= 49 mg/week. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 25312789 1444666236
VKORC1 rs7294 CC warfarin dosage yes 158/220 patients had the target INR (1.5–2.5). The comparison of weekly warfarin maintenance dose was significantly different among patients of different genotypes: GGCX rs7294 (CC 19.40±5.75 mg/w vs CT 27.87±8.80 mg/w p < 0.001 ANOVA). The allele was not significantly associated with weekly maintenance dose when analyzed in multiple linear regression analysis, however. Genotype CC is not associated with dose of warfarin in people with heart valve replacement as compared to genotypes CT + TT. 25594941 1444694676
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin metabolism/PK yes 130 plasma samples were obtained 12 hours after the last dose of warfarin. The plasma warfarin concentrations of these samples were comparing plasma concentration within the group of patients with INR between 1.5–2.5 (n = 92) between genotype groups. rs9923231 was associated with a significant reduction of warfarin plasma concentration ( genotype AA 1117.29±323.23 ng/ml vs genotype AG 1675.73±431.09 ng/ml, p < 0.001). rs9923231 was not included in the multiple linear regression analysis because of collinearity. Patients were grouped according to INR and genotypes and those with the G allele needed a higher plasma concentration to achieve the similar goal INR. Genotype TT is associated with decreased concentrations of warfarin in people with as compared to genotype CT. 25594941 1444694728
VKORC1 rs7294 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes in European Americans. Genotypes CT + TT are associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 18466099 1447519684
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes The authors aimed to develop an admixture-adjusted (genetic ancestry) PGx dosing algorithm for warfarin in Caribbean Hispanics from Puerto Rico. [Algorithm R sq.=0.70, MAE = 0.72 mg/day]. When externally validated with 55 individuals from an independent cohort the novel algorithm predicted 58% of the warfarin dose variance [MAE = 0.89 mg/day, 24% mean bias]. Please note: the derivation cohort was 99% male. Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 26745506 1447682688
VKORC1 rs9934438 AG + GG warfarin dosage no in pediatric patients. No significantly difference was found in any comparisons of VKORC1 1173 genotypes in the meta-analysis (CT versus TT: P = 0.3, WMD = 0.26 [95% CI: -0.23, 0.76]; CC versus TT: P = 0.31, WMD = 1.08 [95% CI: -0.99, 3.14]; C versus TT: P =0.05, WMD = 0.41 [95% CI: 0.0, 0.82]). Genotypes AG + GG are not associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype AA. 26433837 1447520081
VKORC1 rs749671 G warfarin dosage yes The G allele was strongly associated with high warfarin dose (G allele, OR: 20.4 [14.3–29.0]; p = 1.08 × 10-33) in Brazilian patients. Allele G is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele A. 26265036 1446533819
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage not stated Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 20386359 1447586694
VKORC1 rs2359612 A warfarin dosage yes Allele A is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 19752777 1447519944
VKORC1 rs72547529 T warfarin efficacy not stated 28-year-old Tanzanian man received enoxaparin 80 mg twice daily and warfarin. The warfarin dose was titrated up to 21 mg daily, but after 4 weeks, the international normalized ratio was subtherapeutic at 1.8. A variation (G>A, negative strand) in the VKORC1 gene was found, resulting in the substitution of Val with Met at residue 66 (Val66Met). Allele T is associated with decreased response to warfarin as compared to allele C. 26513304 1447520668
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 19752777 1447519925
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes in Thai patients. Genotypes CT + TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 26219158 1446847493
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes in pediatric patients. Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 26433837 1447520074
VKORC1 rs9923231 T acenocoumarol dosage not stated Algorithms were derived to predict acenocoumarol and phenprocoumon maintenance dose, and genotype-guided algorithms that included this variant and CYP2C19 variants explained a greater percentage of variability in dose as compared to non-genotype-guided algorithm. Allele T is associated with dose of acenocoumarol or phenprocoumon. 21636598 1448259259
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes The study evaluated the International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium (IWPC) algorithm against a clinical algorithm for warfarin dose requirements in Japanese patients. This variant was included in the IWPC algorithm. Please note that alleles have been complemented to the plus chromosomal strand. Genotypes CT + TT are associated with dose of warfarin. 20339191 1448267884
VKORC1 rs9923231 A warfarin dosage not stated This study undertook warfarin prescribing based on CYP2C9*3 and VKORC1 rs9923231 genotype. Allele A is associated with dose of warfarin. 18183038 1448276340
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage not stated This study assessed whether a pharmacogenetic dosing algorithm, which included this variant as well as the CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3 and CYP4F2*3 variants, is superior in overall anticoagulation control when compared to clinical standard of care. Please note that alleles have been complemented to the plus chromosomal strand. Allele T is associated with dose of warfarin. 26710337 1448276496
VKORC1 rs2359612 GG warfarin dosage yes The mean warfarin dose was higher in patients with the GG genotype (5.0+/-1.0 mg/day) as compared to those with the AG (4.0+/-2.0 mg/day) or AA genotype (3.0+/-1.5 mg/day). This variant was in linkage disequilibrium with rs7294, rs9934438 and rs8050894. Genotype GG is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes AA + AG. 21326313 1448276172
VKORC1 rs9923231 A warfarin dosage not stated Generation of an algorithm to predict warfarin dose based on this rsID as well as CYP2C9*2 and *3 and clinical factors, as well as analyses on the performance of the algorithm vs a clinical algorithm. Allele A is associated with dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 18662264 1448267496
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes in patients after aortic valve replacement within the 3 months of follow up. Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 27511999 1448257356
VKORC1 rs9934438 A warfarin dosage not stated This variant annotation is part of a dosing algorithm table based on 8 genetic variants. Allele A is associated with dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 27121899 1448109658
VKORC1 rs9934438 AG warfarin dosage yes Genotype AG is associated with increased dose of warfarin in people with Atrial Fibrillation, Cardiomyopathies, heart valve replacement, Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Pulmonary Embolism and Venous Thrombosis as compared to genotype GG. 27938396 1448601916
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes Please note: alleles have been complemented to the + strand. Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of warfarin in people with Atrial Fibrillation, heart valve replacement, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Pulmonary Embolism or Venous Thrombosis as compared to genotype CC. 28550460 1448624157
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes in African American patients. Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 28135054 1448573250
VKORC1 rs7294 CT + TT acenocoumarol dosage not stated Effect described for VKORC1*3 carriers *1/*3, *3/*3 and *3/*4 but not *2/*3 (therefore also consider rs9934438). Genotypes CT + TT is associated with increased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype CC. 18781852 1450979640
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA warfarin dosage yes Genotype AA is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes AG + GG. 29054760 1449005156
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT warfarin efficacy yes The authors evaluated the effects of the alleles in patients who had left ventricular assist devices implanted and were on warfarin. Patients were evaluated in two periods: immediately after LVAD implantation (period 1) immediately prior to hospital discharge (period 2). Genotype CT is associated with increased dose of warfarin in people with Ventricular Dysfunction, Left as compared to genotype TT. 29781049 1449577174
VKORC1 rs9934438 A phenprocoumon dosage yes Alleles not explicitly stated, assumed minor allele/variant allele as A based on HapMap frequencies. Describe effect for " clear decrease in the required dose, with an increase in the number of variant alleles" Allele A is associated with decreased dose of phenprocoumon in children as compared to allele G. 30207196 1449747466
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin metabolism/PK no Please note: alleles have been complemented to the + chromosomal strand. Allele T is not associated with clearance of warfarin as compared to allele C. 28382498 1449165069
VKORC1 rs9923231 C warfarin metabolism/PK yes (S)-and (R)-W steady-state concentrations (mg/mL) for AA (0.54 (0.39–0.68) > AG (0.76 (0.60–0.92) >GG (1.05 (0.91–0.1.19)). Please note: alleles have been complemented to the + strand. Allele C is associated with increased steady-state concentration of warfarin as compared to allele T. 28382498 1449165085
VKORC1 rs9923231 C warfarin metabolism/PK yes Please note: alleles have been complemented to the + chromosomal strand. Allele C is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele T. 28382498 1449165091
VKORC1 rs7196161 G warfarin dosage not stated as part of a model estimating mean daily warfarin requirements in milligrams per day. Alleles complemented to plus chromosomal strand. Allele G is associated with dose of warfarin as compared to allele A. 17015052 1449577793
VKORC1 rs7196161 A warfarin dosage not stated used in a study comparing genotype-guided dosing vs conventional for warfarin initiation. Alleles complemented to plus chromosomal strand. Direction of effect not explicitly stated. Allele A is associated with dose of warfarin in people with Atrial Fibrillation, Pulmonary Embolism, Stroke and Venous Thrombosis as compared to allele G. 29986700 1449577814
VKORC1 rs9934438 A warfarin dosage yes Allele A is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 27617219 1449260063
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 27617219 1449260681
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in people with Cardiovascular Diseases as compared to allele C. 29568565 1449262642
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT warfarin efficacy yes The authors evaluated the effects of the alleles in patients who had left ventricular assist devices implanted and were on warfarin. Patients were evaluated in two periods: immediately after LVAD implantation (period 1) immediately prior to hospital discharge (period 2). Times in therapeutic range (TTR) was used as a measure of efficacy. Warfarin sensitivity index (WSI) is defined as the mean prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) divided by the mean daily warfarin dosage, and is indicative of reactivity to anticoagulation by warfarin. Genotype CT is associated with decreased response to warfarin in people with Ventricular Dysfunction, Left as compared to genotype TT. 29781049 1449577151
VKORC1 rs9923231 CC acenocoumarol dosage yes A strong association was found between VKORC1 genotype and stable dose requirement. The stable acenocoumarol dose to achieve stable anticoagulation in patients with the CC genotype was 27.8% higher than in patients with the CT genotype and 61.1% higher than in patients with the TT genotype. Additionally, the study also developed an algorithm to predict stable acenocoumarol dose that included this variant. Genotype CC is associated with increased dose of acenocoumarol in people with Atrial Fibrillation or venous thromboembolism as compared to genotypes CT + TT. 25089947 1448259376
VKORC1 VKORC1 low activity warfarin dosage yes Mean dose (in mg) of warfarin according to activity phenotype was: High Activity (HA)>Intermediate Activity (IA)>Poor Activity (PA). Activity phenotype was based on presence of VKORC1*2, *3 and *4. Warfarin dose requirement was defined as the reported daily dose at 3 months following treatment initiation. VKORC1 low activity is associated with decreased dose of warfarin. 29298995 1449164060
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA acenocoumarol dosage no in an individual with genotypes CYP2C9*3/*3, VKORC1-1639A/A (rs9923231 AA) and VKORC1-1173T/T (rs9934438 AA, complemented to plus strand). Patient was discharged with a prescription of an extremely low dosage of acenocoumarol (0.5 mg/day) combined with vitamin-K enriched diet and weekly INR monitoring. After a month of treatment, the most appropriate dosage that resulted in therapeutic anticoagulation levels (INR 2.5–3.5) was 0.5 mg of acenocoumarol every 3 days and time in therapeutic range during the following year was approximately 75%. Genotype AA is associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol. 30983536 1450415284
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes in Alaska Native and American Indian People. This variant -1639G>A is significantly associated with stable warfarin dose, decreasing the dose required to achieve therapeutic INR by 1.7 mg/day per allele (t-test of coefficients, unadjusted P = 1.4e-05, Bonferroni adjusted P = 7.0e-05). Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 30821933 1450370504
VKORC1 rs9934438 A warfarin dosage yes in Alaska Native and American Indian People. This variant -1639G>A is significantly associated with stable warfarin dose, decreasing the dose required to achieve therapeutic INR by 1.7 mg/day per allele (t-test of coefficients, unadjusted P = 1.4e-05, Bonferroni adjusted P = 7.0e-05). This variant is in complete LD with rs9923231. Allele A is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 30821933 1450370763
VKORC1 rs17708472 AA + AG acenocoumarol dosage not stated Effect described for VKORC1*4 carriers *1/*4, *3/*4 and *4/*4 but not *2/*4 (therefore also consider rs9934438). Genotypes AA + AG is associated with increased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype GG. 18781852 1450979720
VKORC1 rs7294 T warfarin dosage yes VKORC1*3 variant (mapped to rs7294 T) was associated with requiring a lower warfarin dose. Linear regression and polynomial regression was used to calculate the contribution of each variable towards therapeutic dose of warfarin, prior to the development of pharmacogenetic algorithms. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 25084205 1450979280
VKORC1 rs8050894 GG warfarin dosage yes With *1/*2 (CG) requiring intermediate dose. This was most marked at day 28 to end of follow-up with average doses of 3.66mg/day for *2*2 (HaplotypeA/HaplotypeA"), 4.45mg/day for HaplotypeA/nonA and 5.68mg/day for nonA/nonA. Authors also used rs9923231, rs2884737, rs9934438 , and rs2359612 to define HaplotypeA. Genotype GG is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 18322281 1450980643
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA + AG acenocoumarol dosage not stated Effect described for VKORC1*2 (c.173+1000 T).Two copies of the VKORC1*2 alleles were associated with a 45% dose reduction, in table showing mean weekly dose any *2 containing combinations had lower doses. Genotypes AA + AG is associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype GG. 18781852 1450979500
VKORC1 rs17708472 A warfarin dosage yes VKORC1*4 variant (mapped to rs17708472 A) was associated with requiring a higher warfarin dose. Linear regression and polynomial regression was used to calculate the contribution of each variable towards therapeutic dose of warfarin, prior to the development of pharmacogenetic algorithms. Allele A is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 25084205 1450979360
VKORC1 rs7294 T warfarin "dosage","metabolism/PK" not stated in a dosing algorithm to predict warfarin dosage (included age, BMI, thyroid status, CYP2C9; *2 (rs1799853), *3 (rs1057910), *8 (rs75838422) VKORC1; *3 (rs7294),*4 (rs17708472), -1639G>A (rs9923231), CYP4F2; V433M (rs2108622), GGCX; G8016A (rs699664). Direction of variant allele to relationship not explicitly stated in paper, haplotype name is used. Alleles complemented to plus chromosomal strand. Allele T is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 22676192 1450981840
VKORC1 rs2359612 AA warfarin dosage yes With *1/*2 (AG) requiring intermediate dose. This was most marked at day 28 to end of follow-up with average doses of 3.66mg/day for *2*2 (HaplotypeA/HaplotypeA"), 4.45mg/day for HaplotypeA/nonA and 5.68mg/day for nonA/nonA. Authors also used rs9923231, rs2884737, rs9934438, and rs8050894 to define HaplotypeA. Genotype AA is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype GG. 18322281 1450980680
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA warfarin dosage yes With *1/*2 (AG) requiring intermediate dose. This was most marked at day 28 to end of follow-up with average doses of 3.66mg/day for *2*2 (HaplotypeA/HaplotypeA"), 4.45mg/day for HaplotypeA/nonA and 5.68mg/day for nonA/nonA. Authors also used rs9923231, rs2884737, rs8050894, and rs2359612 to define HaplotypeA. Genotype AA is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype GG. 18322281 1450980620
VKORC1 rs2884737 CC warfarin dosage yes With *1/*2 (AC) requiring intermediate dose. This was most marked at day 28 to end of follow-up with average doses of 3.66mg/day for *2*2 (HaplotypeA/HaplotypeA"), 4.45mg/day for HaplotypeA/nonA and 5.68mg/day for nonA/nonA. Authors also used rs9923231, rs9934438, rs8050894, and rs2359612 to define HaplotypeA. Genotype CC is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype AA. 18322281 1450980580
VKORC1 rs17708472 A warfarin "dosage","metabolism/PK" not stated in a dosing algorithm to predict warfarin dosage (included age, BMI, thyroid status, CYP2C9; *2 (rs1799853), *3 (rs1057910), *8 (rs75838422) VKORC1; *3 (rs7294),*4 (rs17708472), -1639G>A (rs9923231), CYP4F2; V433M (rs2108622), GGCX; G8016A (rs699664). Direction of variant allele to relationship not explicitly stated in paper, haplotype name is used. Alleles complemented to plus chromosomal strand. Allele A is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to allele G. 22676192 1450981800
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage yes With *1/*2 (CT) requiring intermediate dose. This was most marked at day 28 to end of follow-up with average doses of 3.66mg/day for *2*2 (HaplotypeA/HaplotypeA"), 4.45mg/day for HaplotypeA/nonA and 5.68mg/day for nonA/nonA. Authors also used rs2884737, rs9934438, rs8050894, and rs2359612 to define HaplotypeA. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 18322281 1450980540
VKORC1 rs7294 TT warfarin dosage yes This SNP was presented as VKORC1 3730 G>A. This study endeavored to make a pharmacogenetic algorithm for warfarin dosing. This included two groups, a derivation group and a validation group. In both groups, a significant gene-dose effect was observed as follows: AA>AG>GG. The algorithm used was: Square root of daily dose (mg) = 0.833 - 0.255 (0 for female, 1 for male gender) - 0.007 (age, years) + 0.011 (height, cm) + 0.005 (weight, kg) + 0.385 (smoking, 0=no, 1=yes) + 0.211 (vegetable intake, 0=no, 1=yes) + 0.119 (indication for OAT=VTE, 0=no, 1=yes) + 0.328 (diabetes, 0=no, 1=yes) - 0.458 (variant alleles of CYP2C9, 0, 1, or 2) - 0.571 (VKORC1 -1639 G>A, GG=0, GA=1, AA=2) + 0.025 (VKORC1 3730 G>A, GG=0, GA=1, AA=2). This algorithm underperformed most other published algorithms when determining dose for patients needing doses lower than 44 mg/week, but outperformed all other algorithms when determining dose for patients needing doses greater than or equal to 45 mg/week. Genotype TT is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 22349464 1183697222
VKORC1 rs7294 CC warfarin dosage yes Seven SNPs in VKORC1 were in strong LD: rs7294, rs2359612, rs8050894, rs9934438, rs2884737, rs9923231, rs7196161. Haplotype ACGCTGT had the highest frequency (0.74) and was associated with the second highest mean daily dose (5.46 mg/day) while the GCGCTGT haplotype (0.09 frequency) was associated with the highest mean daily dose (5.83 mg/day). The authors report that genetic variants in VKORC1 accounted for 32.4% of the variability in warfarin dose. Genotype CC is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes CT + TT. 24019055 1183704904
VKORC1 rs7294 T warfarin dosage yes Samples, genotypes and INRs from a cohort of 551 patients were used to derive an algorithm which was used to predict daily warfarin maintenance dose in a second cohort of 236 patients. Note: the authors state that "SNPs were tested for deviations from HWE using the chi-squared test, and for their association with the warfarin dose by Spearman correlation analysis using a *co-dominant* model." rs7294 remained significantly associated with warfarin maintenance dose in the multivariate analysis. Allele T is associated with increased dose of warfarin in people with heart valve replacement as compared to allele C. 25126975 1184756163
VKORC1 rs7294 CC warfarin dosage yes 130 plasma samples were obtained 12 hours after the last dose of warfarin. rs7294 was associated with a significant reduction of warfarin plasma concentration (rs7294: CC 1117.29±323.23 ng/ml vs CT 1675.73±431.09 ng/ml, p < 0.001 ANOVA). rs7294 had significant effects on plasma concentration of warfarin (coefficient was 0.527, p < 0.001) and it could explain 26.7% of the variability in plasma concentration.The plasma warfarin concentrations of these samples were comparing plasma concentration within the group of patients with INR between 1.5–2.5 (n = 92). Patients were grouped according to INR and genotypes. For patients genotype CT or TT a higher plasma concentration was needed to achieve the goal INR. Genotype CC is associated with decreased concentrations of warfarin in people with heart valve replacement as compared to genotypes CT + TT. 25594941 1444694686
VKORC1 rs7294 TT warfarin dosage yes The mean warfarin dose was higher in patients with the TT genotype (5.0+/-0.8 mg/day) as compared to those with the CC genotype (3.0+/-1.5 mg.day). This variant was in linkage disequilibrium with rs9934438, rs2359612 and rs8050894. Please note that alleles have been complemented to the plus chromosomal strand. Genotype TT is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 21326313 1448276167
VKORC1 rs2359612 GG warfarin dosage yes Seven SNPs in VKORC1 were in strong LD: rs7294, rs2359612, rs8050894, rs9934438, rs2884737, rs9923231, rs7196161. Haplotype ACGCTGT had the highest frequency (0.74) and was associated with the second highest mean daily dose (5.46 mg/day) while the GCGCTGT haplotype (0.09 frequency) was associated with the highest mean daily dose (5.83 mg/day). The authors report that genetic variants in VKORC1 accounted for 32.4% of the variability in warfarin dose. Genotype GG is associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes AA + AG. 24019055 1183704894
VKORC1 rs7196161 GG warfarin dosage yes Seven SNPs in VKORC1 were in strong LD: rs7294, rs2359612, rs8050894, rs9934438, rs2884737, rs9923231, rs7196161. Haplotype ACGCTGT had the highest frequency (0.74) and was associated with the second highest mean daily dose (5.46 mg/day) while the GCGCTGT haplotype (0.09 frequency) was associated with the highest mean daily dose (5.83 mg/day). The authors report that genetic variants in VKORC1 accounted for 32.4% of the variability in warfarin dose. Genotype GG is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes AA + AG. 24019055 1183704846
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 19300499 637880237
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 19300499 637880240
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin. 19228618 637880249
VKORC1 rs9923231 T acenocoumarol dosage not stated The novel algorithm to predict acenocoumarol dose in Romanian patients was first developed with 200 patients and validated in 101 patients. The algorithm included several variables. The VKORC1 -1693 G>A polymorphism explained 17.6% of dose variability. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to allele C. 23774941 1184754659
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes This variant is part of the a low-dose haplotype group (A). Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin. 15930419 827603022
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 15883587 827567282
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin "dosage","metabolism/PK" yes Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 15888487 827567361
VKORC1 rs9923231 CC acenocoumarol dosage no Patients with the CC genotype required significantly higher weekly maintenance doses of acenocoumarol compared to CT heterozygotes. Maintenance doses were measured over at least a 3 month period during which stable anticoagulation had been achieved. Patients were treated with acenocoumarol for various unspecified indications. Genotype CC is associated with increased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype CT. 22486182 982010039
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage not stated using the extreme-discordant-phenotype (EDP) methodology. The EDP approach contrasts the most sensitive and the most resistant phenotype groups, which in the case of a quantitative trait such as the individual warfarin dose requirement correspond to the lower and upper ends of the dose distribution histogram. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to allele C. 19387626 982036934
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT phenprocoumon "dosage","toxicity" yes This study was done in two phases. The first was the initiation phase, defined as the time to reach an INR in the therapeutic range as measured twice in series. The second was the maintenance phase, which began immediately after the initiation phase, and lasted for 91 days. It is of note that not all patients were included in each phase of study. A gene-dose effect was observed during the initiation phase in that with increasing numbers of the A allele, patients needed lower doses: GG>AG>AA. It was also seen that patients with the AG genotype achieved dose stability faster and were at much lower risk of developing overanticoagulation as compared to patients with either the AA or GG genotype. During the maintenance phase, no significant differences between genotype and number of visits or time outside of therapeutic INR were seen. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of phenprocoumon as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 21057703 1043858478
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage yes This SNP was presented as VKORC1 -1639 G>A. This study endeavored to make a pharmacogenetic algorithm for warfarin dosing. This included two groups, a derivation group and a validation group. In both groups, a significant gene-dose effect was observed as follows: GG>AG>AA. The algorithm used was: Square root of daily dose (mg) = 0.833 - 0.255 (0 for female, 1 for male gender) - 0.007 (age, years) + 0.011 (height, cm) + 0.005 (weight, kg) + 0.385 (smoking, 0=no, 1=yes) + 0.211 (vegetable intake, 0=no, 1=yes) + 0.119 (indication for OAT=VTE, 0=no, 1=yes) + 0.328 (diabetes, 0=no, 1=yes) - 0.458 (variant alleles of CYP2C9, 0, 1, or 2) - 0.571 (VKORC1 -1639 G>A, GG=0, GA=1, AA=2) + 0.025 (VKORC1 3730 G>A, GG=0, GA=1, AA=2). This algorithm underperformed most other published algorithms when determining dose for patients needing doses lower than 44 mg/week, but outperformed all other algorithms when determining dose for patients needing doses greater than or equal to 45 mg/week. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 22349464 1183697213
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin efficacy yes Patients in this study were treated with low dose (1-2mg/day) warfarin. This SNP was presented as VKORC1 -1639 G>A. Prothrombin time (INR) was significantly different among genotype groups and was observed as follows: AA>AG>GG. When VKORC1 was analyzed in tandem with CYP2C9, it was found that those patients with the highest number of variants (VKORC1 A alleles and CYP2C9 *3 alleles) also had the highest INR measurements as compared to patients wildtype for both genes (GG VKORC1 genotype and CYP2C9 *1/*1) who had the lowest INR measurements. Genotype TT is associated with increased response to warfarin as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 22855348 1183690069
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes in a Southern Brazilian population of European ancestry. Genotypes CT + TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 21320153 1184510339
VKORC1 rs9923231 CC warfarin dosage yes Those with the CC genotype required a higher median cumulative therapeutic dose of warfarin to reach the target international normalized ratio (INR), as compared to those with the TT and CT genotype. 7% of the variability in dose was attributable to VKORC1 rs9923231 genotype. Additionally, subjects who had a TT or CT genotype and a CYP2C9 intermediate or poor metabolizer (IM/PM) genotype required the fewest days to reach target anticoagulation intensity (p=0.01) and the lowest median cumulative therapeutic dose of warfarin to reach the target international normalized ratio (INR) (p=0.007), as compared against patients with the CC + extensive metabolizer (EM), CT + EM and CC + IM/PM (specifically *1/*8 and *2/*3) genotypes. Please note alleles have been complemented to the plus chromosomal strand. Genotype CC is associated with increased dose of warfarin in healthy individuals as compared to genotypes CT + TT. 24029542 1184511950
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage yes Variant described as -1639G>A (alleles have been complemented to the plus chromosomal strand). This variant was associated with requiring a lower warfarin dose. Linear regression and polynomial regression was used to calculate the contribution of each variable towards therapeutic dose of warfarin, prior to the development of pharmacogenetic algorithms. Allele T is associated with decreased dose of warfarin. 25084205 1184748906
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage yes Genotypes CT + TT are associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 26739746 1447680544
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage yes in han chinese Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 27488389 1448257083
VKORC1 rs9923231 T warfarin dosage not stated This study assessed the impact of using genotype-guided dosing on anticoagulation visits in adults taking warfarin. Genotype-guided dosing did NOT improve number of anticoagulation visits or time in therapeutic range as compared to clinical only dosing. However, the algorithm used by this study to determine warfarin dose included this variant. Please note that alleles have been complemented to the plus chromosomal strand. Allele T is associated with dose of warfarin. 24088130 1448268112
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT + TT warfarin dosage not stated Study undertaking a randomized trial of genotype-guided dosing of warfarin. The algorithms that the study used to calculate loading dose and dose revision on day 4 or 5 of treatment included this variant. Genotypes CT + TT is associated with dose of warfarin in people with Atrial Fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. 24251363 1448268958
VKORC1 rs9923231 GG warfarin "dosage","efficacy" not stated Case report is of a 38-year-old African–American woman with pulmonary embolism and carrier of the rare CYP2C9*5 (rs28371686 G), CYP2C9*6 (rs9332131 del) alleles and required an average of 5.3 mg/day of warfarin during the dose initiation phase and decreased maintenance dose requirement of 2.5–3.6 mg/day. Despite JD’s VKORC1 rs9923231 GG genotype, indicating insensitivity, actual warfarin dose was 22–25% and 47–49% lower, respectively than if estimating a warfarin dose utilizing clinical factors only. Genotype GG is not associated with dose of warfarin in Pulmonary Embolism as compared to allele C. 28685643 1449005494
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage yes CYP2C9 and VKORC1 variants are analyzed together to divide patients into three warfarin sensitivity types (normal, sensitive and highly sensitive). "Warfarin sensitive and highly sensitive responders had heparin therapy discontinued earlier (p<0.001), had a decreased final weekly warfarin dose (p<0.001), spent more time over-anticoagulated (p<0.001) and had an increased bleeding risk with warfarin (sensitive responders HR 1.38 [95% CI 1.11 to 1.71], p=0.0035; highly sensitive responders 1.79 [1.09 to 2.99]; p=0.0252)." Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in people with venous thromboembolism as compared to genotype CC. 28689179 1449005283
VKORC1 rs9923231 AA acenocoumarol dosage no in an individual with genotypes CYP2C9*3/*3, VKORC1-1639A/A (rs9923231 AA) and VKORC1-1173T/T (rs9934438 TT). Patient was discharged with a prescription of an extremely low dosage of acenocoumarol (0.5 mg/day) combined with vitamin-K enriched diet and weekly INR monitoring. After a month of treatment, the most appropriate dosage that resulted in therapeutic anticoagulation levels (INR 2.5–3.5) was 0.5 mg of acenocoumarol every 3 days and time in therapeutic range during the following year was approximately 75%. Genotype AA is associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol. 30983536 1450415278
VKORC1 rs9923231 GG warfarin dosage yes Note Annotation is taken from text description of relationship, although text describes GG as wild-type but table 1 shows it as minor allele. "For VKORC1 rs9923231, patients with GG wild-type (4.17 ± 0.72 mg/d) required a significant higher warfarin dose than those with GA and AA genotype (3.89 ± 1.29 mg/d, p < 0.05; 2.55 ± 0.91 mg/d, p < 0.001, respectively). " However, Figure 1B shows bar graph for AA, GA and CG genotypes where CG is likely meant to be GG. Genotype GG is associated with increased dose of warfarin in people with Atrial Fibrillation, Pulmonary Embolism or Venous Thrombosis as compared to genotypes AA + AG. 31854268 1450942220
VKORC1 rs17708472 A warfarin "dosage","efficacy" no This is VKORC1 *4. There was a significant association when analyzed alone, but the effect was so small that it was negligible when analyzed with VKORC1*2,CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3. Allele A is associated with increased dose of warfarin in people with Myocardial Infarction as compared to allele G. 21127708 981500592
VKORC1 rs9923231 CT acenocoumarol dosage yes Authors report association of VKORC1*2 carriers in low dose group compared to high dose group using G1639A (mapped to rs9923231) as tagging SNP. No TT homozygotes observed. Significance was given for decrease in acenocoumarol dose requirements. Alleles complemented to plus chromosomal strand. Genotype CT is associated with decreased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype CC. 26781925 1450980440
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage yes This variant is the tag for low dose H1 haplotype and the H*a haplotype described in this paper differentiating them from H7 and H*b which were high dose haplotypes. No H7-H7 diplotypes were reported. The major VKORC1 diplotypes were H1-H1 (62%), H1-H7 (18%) and H1-H*b (10%). Allele complemented to plus chromosomal strand. Warfarin dose requirements were significantly lower in patients with VKORC1 H1-H1 and H1-H*a diplotypes compared to patients harboring the H1-H7 and H1-H*b diplotypes. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 19745563 982037339
VKORC1 rs9923231 TT warfarin dosage yes Please note that alleles have been complemented to the positive strand. Variant referred to in the paper as VKORC1-G1639A. Genotype TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes CC + CT. 31395958 1451120169
VKORC1 rs9934438 AG + GG warfarin dosage yes Patients with the AG or GG genotypes received significantly higher doses of warfarin as compared to those with the AA genotype (3.12+/-1.20 mg/day vs 2.36+/-0.87 mg/day). Additionally, this study developed a pharmacogenetic algorithm to predict daily stable dose of warfarin in Chinese patients; this variant was present in the algorithm. This variant was in complete linkage with rs9923231 (VKORC1 -1639 C>T). Please note that alleles have been complemented to the plus chromosomal strand. Genotypes AG + GG are associated with increased dose of warfarin in people with Atrial Fibrillation as compared to genotype AA. 22534826 1448268060
VKORC1 rs9934438 AA warfarin dosage yes Genotype AA is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotypes AG + GG. 28262345 1449005203
VKORC1 rs9934438 A warfarin dosage not stated This study assessed the clinical application of genotype-guided dosing of warfarin. The algorithm used to guide dose of warfarin included this variant. Allele A are associated with dose of warfarin in people with Stroke. 25989350 1448276279
VKORC1 rs61742245 AA + AC warfarin dosage yes Egyptian carriers of the VKORC1 rs61742245 A allele (Tyr 36) showed higher warfarin dose requirement (57.1 ± 29.4 mg/week) than those with the CC (Asp36Asp) genotype (35.8 ± 16.6 mg/week; p<0.03). "This SNP was most frequent among Kenyans and Sudanese, with a minor allele frequency (MAF) of 6% followed by Saudi Arabians and Egyptians with a MAF of 3% and 2.5%, respectively. It was not detected in West Africans (Ghana), and a large cohort of African Americans." Genotypes AA + AC are associated with increased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC. 23571513 981862284