PsyMuKB

PPI network (data source: BioGrid)

A gene is determined as “expressed” when its expression values are above the pre-determined cutoff, which is the mean normalized expression(base 2 log of (TPM+1)) +1 in all brain tissue from GTEx v7 or BrainSpan data.

A protein is determined as “expressed” when its expression values are above the pre-determined cutoff, which is the normalized expression (base 10 log of iBAQ intensity) ≥0.5 in at least one brain tissue from ProteomicsDB data. Otherwise, a gene or protein is determined as either with below-cutoff expressions or no available data.

	The queried gene/protein
	The interacting partner is expressed at mRNA-level
	The interacting partner is expressed at protein-level
	The interacting partner is expressed at both mRNA and protein level
	The interacting partner is with either below-cutoff expressions or no expression data at both mRNA and protein level
	The interacting partner is hit by coding DNMs
	Physical interaction between queried gene/protein and its partner
	Physical interaction between two interacting partners

Symbol A	GeneA coding DNM count	Symbol B	GeneB coding DNM count	Interaction detection method	Publication	Evidence
XRCC6	3	JUP	7	biochemical	Kristensen AR (2012)	1
PML	7	DAXX	5	two hybrid, two hybrid, affinity chromatography technology, imaging technique, two hybrid, affinity chromatography technology, imaging technique, enzymatic study, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, biochemical, affinity chromatography technology, imaging technique, imaging technique, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, pull down, imaging technique	Ishov AM (1999), Li H (2000), Li H (2000), Li H (2000), Lehembre F (2001), Zhong S (2000), Cuchet-Lourenco D (2011), Chu Y (2011), Meinecke I (2007), Jang MS (2002), Chang CC (2011), Wethkamp N (2011), Ferguson BJ (2007), Delbarre E (2013), Delbarre E (2013), Sahin U (2014), Lin DY (2006), Lin DY (2006), Lin DY (2006), Lin DY (2006), Torii S (1999)	21
UBE2I	0	EP300	36	enzymatic study, affinity chromatography technology	Girdwood D (2003), Bian XL (2017)	2
SMAD7	1	CTNNB1	30	affinity chromatography technology, imaging technique, affinity chromatography technology	Edlund S (2005), Edlund S (2005), Tang Y (2008)	3
ZBTB33	1	CTNNB1	30	pull down, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Del Valle-Perez B (2011), Del Valle-Perez B (2011), Del Valle-Perez B (2011)	3
HNRNPL	3	EP300	36	affinity chromatography technology	Fei T (2017)	1
USP4	3	NLK	1	affinity chromatography technology, pull down	Zhao B (2009), Zhao B (2009)	2
HBP1	1	EP300	36	affinity chromatography technology, enzymatic study	Wang W (2012), Wang W (2012)	2
ELAVL1	0	PRMT6	2	affinity chromatography technology	Abdelmohsen K (2009)	1
TCF7L2	12	HNF4A	2	imaging technique	Frietze S (2012)	1
EP300	36	PARP1	3	affinity chromatography technology, enzymatic study, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Messner S (2009), Hassa PO (2005), Hassa PO (2005), Hassa PO (2005), Hassa PO (2008), Hassa PO (2008), Hassa PO (2003), Hassa PO (2003), Hassa PO (2003), Kim BK (2014), Kim BK (2014)	11
CTBP1	2	CTNNB1	30	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Hamada F (2004), Huard CC (2014)	2
UHRF2	1	UBE2I	0	affinity chromatography technology	Oh Y (2013)	1
DAZAP2	1	LEF1	3	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Lukas J (2009), Lukas J (2009)	2
PARP1	3	XRCC5	5	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, enzymatic study, pull down, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Ju BG (2006), Galande S (1999), Galande S (1999), Galande S (1999), Idogawa M (2007), Li B (2004), Li B (2004), Yin H (2006), Yin H (2006), Sand-Dejmek J (2011), Wu T (2013)	11
TCF7L2	12	TLE3	2	pull down, affinity chromatography technology	Hanson AJ (2012), Hanson AJ (2012)	2
AR	3	TLE3	2	bioid	Lempiaeinen JK (2017)	1
PSEN1	11	CTNNB1	30	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Tesco G (1998), Kang DE (1999), Murayama M (1998), Prager K (2007), Prager K (2007), Prager K (2007), Serban G (2005), Raurell I (2006), Raurell I (2006)	9
PSMA3	1	XRCC6	3	affinity chromatography technology	Fedorova OA (2011)	1
KMT5A	2	TCF7L2	12	affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology	Li Z (2011), Li Z (2011), Li Z (2011)	3
PARP1	3	UBE2I	0	two hybrid, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, enzymatic study, enzymatic study, pull down, enzymatic study	Masson M (1997), Masson M (1997), Masson M (1997), Zilio N (2013), Matafora V (2009), Zilio N (2013), Gocke CB (2005)	7
ZBTB33	1	TCF7L2	12	pull down, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Del Valle-Perez B (2011), Del Valle-Perez B (2011), Del Valle-Perez B (2011)	3
ELAVL1	0	ZBTB33	1	affinity chromatography technology	Abdelmohsen K (2009)	1
CTBP1	2	UBE2I	0	affinity chromatography technology	Kuppuswamy M (2008)	1
CTNNB1	30	USP4	3	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Yun SI (2015), Yun SI (2015)	2
FBLN1	1	TCF7L2	12	two hybrid	Wang J (2011)	1
TCF7L2	12	EP300	36	affinity chromatography technology	Shekhar MP (2006)	1
PML	7	TCF7L2	12	affinity chromatography technology	Satow R (2012)	1
AR	3	UBE2I	0	two hybrid, affinity chromatography technology, genetic interference, enzymatic study	Poukka H (1999), Poukka H (1999), Poukka H (1999), Ogawa H (2009)	4
UHRF2	1	PARP1	3	affinity chromatography technology	Liu Y (2016)	1
ELAVL1	0	KMT5A	2	affinity chromatography technology	Abdelmohsen K (2009)	1
UBR5	13	TLE3	2	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Flack JE (2017), Flack JE (2017)	2
TCF7L2	12	PSEN1	11	affinity chromatography technology	Palacino JJ (2001)	1
IKZF5	0	TCF7L2	12	affinity chromatography technology	Huttlin EL (2017)	1
SMAD7	1	XRCC6	3	two hybrid	Colland F (2004)	1
PML	7	PSMA3	1	affinity chromatography technology, two hybrid	Wang J (2011), Wang J (2011)	2
ELAVL1	0	CTBP1	2	affinity chromatography technology	Abdelmohsen K (2009)	1
HNRNPL	3	XRCC5	5	affinity chromatography technology	Fei T (2017)	1
LEF1	3	PRMT6	2	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Huttlin EL (2015), Huttlin EL (2017)	2
SMAD7	1	LEF1	3	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Edlund S (2005), Cui Q (2005)	2
CDC73	1	CTNNB1	30	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, two hybrid, pull down, pull down	Takahashi A (2011), Mosimann C (2006), Mosimann C (2006), Mosimann C (2006), Mosimann C (2006), Mosimann C (2006)	6
XIAP	0	TLE3	2	affinity chromatography technology, enzymatic study	Hanson AJ (2012), Hanson AJ (2012)	2
ELAVL1	0	PARP1	3	affinity chromatography technology	Abdelmohsen K (2009)	1
UBE2I	0	PML	7	enzymatic study, pull down, enzymatic study, two hybrid, two hybrid, enzymatic study, enzymatic study, enzymatic study, enzymatic study, affinity chromatography technology, pull down	Knipscheer P (2008), Kim YE (2005), Satow R (2012), Duprez E (1999), Wang J (2011), Tatham MH (2003), Duprez E (1999), Gocke CB (2005), Lin DY (2006), Jo S (2016), Schilling EM (2017)	11
CTNNB1	30	JUP	7	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, imaging technique	Hazan RB (1998), Kucerova D (2001), Hein MY (2015), Chen TC (2014)	4
TCF7L2	12	DAXX	5	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, two hybrid	Tzeng SL (2006), Tzeng SL (2006), Huang YS (2009), Huang YS (2009), Huang YS (2009)	5
AR	3	XRCC6	3	affinity chromatography technology	Mayeur GL (2005)	1
TCF7L2	12	CTNNB1	30	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, x-ray crystallography, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, imaging technique, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Lukas J (2009), Idogawa M (2007), Hong CF (2009), Del Valle-Perez B (2011), Tzeng SL (2006), Tzeng SL (2006), Satow R (2012), Satow R (2012), Graham TA (2001), Sato S (2005), Mosimann C (2006), Shekhar MP (2006), Hsu MC (2007), Loregger A (2015), Hanson AJ (2012), Kuslansky Y (2016)	16
ELAVL1	0	XIAP	0	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, unspecified method	Abdelmohsen K (2009), Durie D (2011), Durie D (2011), Durie D (2011)	4
PSMA3	1	TCF7L2	12	two hybrid	Wang J (2011)	1
CTNNB1	30	LEF1	3	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, two hybrid, two hybrid, pull down, pull down, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, imaging technique, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Edlund S (2005), Grueneberg DA (2003), Behrens J (1996), Behrens J (1996), Labbe E (2000), Sierra J (2006), Gomes NP (2006), Vietor I (2005), Billin AN (2000), Fischer L (2002), Tutter AV (2001), Sadot E (2002), Feigin ME (2008), Daniels DL (2005), Porfiri E (1997), Porfiri E (1997), Hamada F (2004), Vadlamudi U (2005), Lu D (2012), Lu D (2012)	20
DAZAP2	1	CTNNB1	30	affinity chromatography technology	Lukas J (2009)	1
NLK	1	TCF7L2	12	affinity chromatography technology	Ishitani T (2003)	1
TCF7L2	12	LEF1	3	affinity chromatography technology	Jia Y (2014)	1
XRCC5	5	JUP	7	biochemical	Kristensen AR (2012)	1
NLK	1	LEF1	3	affinity chromatography technology, enzymatic study, enzymatic study, imaging technique	Ishitani T (2003), Li M (2010), Yasuda J (2003), Gupta K (2014)	4
GATA3	2	PSMA3	1	two hybrid	Rolland T (2014)	1
ELAVL1	0	DAZAP2	1	affinity chromatography technology	Abdelmohsen K (2009)	1
ZBTB33	1	EP300	36	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Koh DI (2014), Koh DI (2014)	2
DAZAP2	1	TCF7L2	12	two hybrid, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology	Lukas J (2009), Lukas J (2009), Lukas J (2009), Lukas J (2009)	4
NLK	1	CTNNB1	30	affinity chromatography technology	Ishitani T (2003)	1
PML	7	CTNNB1	30	affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology	Satow R (2012), Satow R (2012), Shtutman M (2002)	3
HIC1	1	TCF7L2	12	pull down, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, pull down	Valenta T (2006), Valenta T (2006), Valenta T (2006), Valenta T (2006)	4
NLK	1	TLE3	2	affinity chromatography technology	Varjosalo M (2013)	1
EP300	36	JUP	7	affinity chromatography technology	Zhao Y (2016)	1
XRCC5	5	XRCC6	3	two hybrid, biochemical, two hybrid, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, x-ray crystallography, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, biochemical, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, biochemical, enzymatic study, enzymatic study, x-ray crystallography, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, biochemical, pull down, biochemical, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, imaging technique, imaging technique, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Gell D (1999), Barlev NA (1998), Yang CR (1999), Singleton BK (1999), Song K (2000), Gell D (1999), Gell D (1999), Willis DM (2002), Willis DM (2002), Drouet J (2005), Drouet J (2005), Cohen HY (2004), Lan L (2010), Cooper MP (2000), Cooper MP (2000), Velma V (2010), Zheng Y (2011), Sucharov CC (2004), Sucharov CC (2004), Sibani S (2005), Sibani S (2005), Walker JR (2001), Nick McElhinny SA (2000), Nick McElhinny SA (2000), Sand-Dejmek J (2011), Sand-Dejmek J (2011), Sand-Dejmek J (2011), Pucci S (2009), Trougakos IP (2009), Havugimana PC (2012), Sartorius CA (2000), Sartorius CA (2000), Rivera-Calzada A (2007), Kelavkar UP (2001), Kelavkar UP (2001), Kristensen AR (2012), Kim E (2008), Wan C (2015), Hein MY (2015), Hein MY (2015), Nolens G (2009), Nolens G (2009), Nolens G (2009), Nolens G (2009), Huttlin EL (2017), Fantini D (2017)	46
HNRNPL	3	XIAP	0	affinity chromatography technology	Fei T (2017)	1
TCF7L2	12	MAD2L2	0	two hybrid, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Hong CF (2009), Hong CF (2009), Hong CF (2009)	3
TCF7L2	12	JUP	7	pull down	Miravet S (2002)	1
HNRNPL	3	NLK	1	affinity chromatography technology	Fei T (2017)	1
AR	3	TCF7L2	12	pull down, affinity chromatography technology	Amir AL (2003), Amir AL (2003)	2
USP4	3	TCF7L2	12	pull down, affinity chromatography technology	Zhao B (2009), Zhao B (2009)	2
ELAVL1	0	NLK	1	affinity chromatography technology	Abdelmohsen K (2009)	1
CTNNB1	30	HNF4A	2	affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, imaging technique	Mulholland DJ (2003), Mulholland DJ (2003), Mulholland DJ (2003), Chen TC (2014)	4
UHRF2	1	CDC73	1	affinity chromatography technology	Lai M (2016)	1
CTNNB1	30	MEN1	1	pull down, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, pull down	Sierra J (2006), Chen G (2008), Chen G (2008), Gomes NP (2006)	4
CDC73	1	JUP	7	affinity chromatography technology	Herr P (2015)	1
CTNNB1	30	PARP1	3	affinity chromatography technology	Sato S (2005)	1
CTBP1	2	TCF7L2	12	pull down, affinity chromatography technology	Valenta T (2003), Loregger A (2015)	2
PSMA3	1	XRCC5	5	affinity chromatography technology	Fedorova OA (2011)	1
CTNNB1	30	AR	3	pull down, two hybrid, two hybrid, two hybrid, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, pull down	Yang F (2002), Yang F (2002), Masiello D (2004), Song LN (2004), Amir AL (2003), Amir AL (2003), Mulholland DJ (2003), Mulholland DJ (2003), Pawlowski JE (2002), Mulholland DJ (2003), Levy L (2004)	11
TCF7L2	12	UBR5	13	affinity chromatography technology	Flack JE (2017)	1
UBE2I	0	XRCC5	5	enzymatic study	Gocke CB (2005)	1
TCF7L2	12	PRMT6	2	affinity chromatography technology	Huttlin EL (2017)	1
HNRNPL	3	TCF7L2	12	affinity chromatography technology	Fei T (2017)	1
MEN1	1	TCF7L2	12	affinity chromatography technology, pull down	Chen G (2008), Chen G (2008)	2
AR	3	EP300	36	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, enzymatic study, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Dai Y (2008), Minges JT (2013), Zhong J (2014), Fu M (2000), McClurg UL (2016), Tan G (2017)	6
DAXX	5	AR	3	two hybrid, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, pull down	Lin DY (2004), Lin DY (2004), Lin DY (2004), Sun S (2016)	4
EP300	36	SMAD7	1	affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, enzymatic study	Groenroos E (2002), Groenroos E (2002), Groenroos E (2002), Groenroos E (2002)	4
TCF7L2	12	XRCC5	5	affinity chromatography technology	Idogawa M (2007)	1
LEF1	3	KMT5A	2	affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology	Li Z (2011), Li Z (2011), Li Z (2011)	3
FUS	0	HNRNPL	3	affinity chromatography technology, biochemical	Wang T (2014), Wan C (2015)	2
HNRNPL	3	CTBP1	2	affinity chromatography technology	Fei T (2017)	1
UHRF2	1	XRCC5	5	affinity chromatography technology	Liu Y (2016)	1
TCF7L2	12	HBP1	1	affinity chromatography technology	Sampson EM (2001)	1
TCF7L2	12	CDC73	1	affinity chromatography technology	Mosimann C (2006)	1
KMT5A	2	UBE2I	0	two hybrid, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, enzymatic study	Spektor TM (2011), Spektor TM (2011), Spektor TM (2011), Spektor TM (2011), Spektor TM (2011), Spektor TM (2011)	6
UHRF2	1	XRCC6	3	affinity chromatography technology	Liu Y (2016)	1
LEF1	3	EP300	36	enzymatic study, affinity chromatography technology, pull down	Hecht A (2003), Hecht A (2003), Hecht A (2003)	3
PARP1	3	XRCC6	3	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, enzymatic study, pull down, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Ju BG (2006), Galande S (1999), Galande S (1999), Galande S (1999), Idogawa M (2007), Li B (2004), Li B (2004), Yin H (2006), Yin H (2006), Wu T (2013), Huttlin EL (2017)	11
XIAP	0	UBE2I	0	two hybrid, two hybrid	Dynek JN (2010), Dynek JN (2010)	2
AR	3	XRCC5	5	pull down	Mayeur GL (2005)	1
CTNNB1	30	FUS	0	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, two hybrid, two hybrid	Sato S (2005), Sato S (2005), Sato S (2005), Sato S (2005)	4
ELAVL1	0	HNRNPL	3	affinity chromatography technology	Abdelmohsen K (2009)	1
EP300	36	XRCC6	3	enzymatic study	Cohen HY (2004)	1
DAXX	5	PARP1	3	affinity chromatography technology	Hein MY (2015)	1
UHRF2	1	TCF7L2	12	affinity chromatography technology	Lai M (2016)	1
CTNNB1	30	EP300	36	genetic interference, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, enzymatic study, affinity chromatography technology, genetic interference, affinity chromatography technology	Kennell JA (2003), Sun Y (2000), Sun Y (2000), Sun Y (2000), Saegusa M (2005), Daniels DL (2002), Levy L (2004), Labalette C (2004), Lee YH (2006), Zhao Y (2016)	10
XRCC5	5	EP300	36	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Zhang Z (2017), Zhang Z (2017)	2
TCF7L2	12	FOXA2	3	imaging technique	Frietze S (2012)	1
TCF7L2	12	GATA3	2	imaging technique, affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Frietze S (2012), Frietze S (2012), Frietze S (2012)	3
UBE2I	0	DAXX	5	two hybrid, enzymatic study, affinity chromatography technology, pull down, enzymatic study, enzymatic study, enzymatic study, two hybrid	Ryu SW (2000), Knipscheer P (2008), Hsieh YL (2013), Hsieh YL (2013), Hsieh YL (2013), Chang CC (2011), Lin DY (2006), Lin DY (2006)	8
HNRNPL	3	AR	3	affinity chromatography technology	Fei T (2017)	1
PARP1	3	TCF7L2	12	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Idogawa M (2007), Idogawa M (2007)	2
TCF7L2	12	RNF43	5	affinity chromatography technology, imaging technique	Loregger A (2015), Loregger A (2015)	2
CTNNB1	30	ELAVL1	0	pull down	Kim I (2012)	1
UHRF2	1	CTNNB1	30	far western blotting	Mori T (2011)	1
RNF138	0	TCF7L2	12	enzymatic study, affinity chromatography technology	Yamada M (2006), Yamada M (2006)	2
ELAVL1	0	TCF7L2	12	affinity chromatography technology	Abdelmohsen K (2009)	1
HIC1	1	CTBP1	2	two hybrid, affinity chromatography technology	Van Rechem C (2009), Stankovic-Valentin N (2006)	2
SMAD7	1	TCF7L2	12	affinity chromatography technology	Edlund S (2005)	1
UBR5	13	CTNNB1	30	affinity chromatography technology	Flack JE (2017)	1
LEF1	3	RNF138	0	affinity chromatography technology, enzymatic study, affinity chromatography technology	Yamada M (2006), Yamada M (2006), Han D (2016)	3
CTBP1	2	EP300	36	affinity chromatography technology, pull down, affinity chromatography technology, pull down	Senyuk V (2005), Kim JH (2005), Kim JH (2005), Kim JH (2005)	4
HNRNPL	3	TLE3	2	affinity chromatography technology	Fei T (2017)	1
TCF7L2	12	UBE2I	0	two hybrid, affinity chromatography technology	Wang J (2011), Hsieh YL (2013)	2
UBE2I	0	HIC1	1	enzymatic study, affinity chromatography technology	Stankovic-Valentin N (2007), Dehennaut V (2013)	2
TCF7L2	12	XIAP	0	pull down, affinity chromatography technology	Hanson AJ (2012), Hanson AJ (2012)	2
TCF7L2	12	XRCC6	3	affinity chromatography technology	Idogawa M (2007)	1
AR	3	HNF4A	2	imaging technique	Mulholland DJ (2003)	1
UBE2I	0	FUS	0	affinity chromatography technology, affinity chromatography technology	Oh SM (2010), Oh SM (2010)	2
FUS	0	TCF7L2	12	affinity chromatography technology	Sato S (2005)	1
ELAVL1	0	RNF138	0	affinity chromatography technology	Abdelmohsen K (2009)	1
HNF4A	2	UBE2I	0	two hybrid, enzymatic study	Albers M (2005), Zhou W (2012)	2